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The Jackson 5 (The Jacksons)

The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, abbreviated as J5, and later known simply as The Jacksons) were an American popular music quintet from Gary, Indiana.

The group, active from 1962 to 1990, regularly played from a repertoire of R&B;, soul, funk, and later disco. Considered "one of the biggest phenomenons in pop music[1]" and the biggest selling black group ever . During the early 1970s, the Jackson 5 group is also notable for launching the career of its lead singer, Michael Jackson.

While not the first act considered to be a "boy band", The Jackson 5 is one of the earliest examples of the type as today defined: five adolescents specifically packaged and marketed by a record label to become a crossover pop success. Upon their departure from Motown for CBS in 1975, the Jacksons, forced to change their name and trade Jermaine (who remained at Motown) for Randy, took control of their songwriting, production, and image. They continued their success into the 1980s with hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" and "State of Shock", and a highly successful 1984 Victory tour before disbanding in 1990.

Early career

The Jacksons were a working-class family from Gary, Indiana. Katherine raised the children as Jehovah's Witnesses, and they therefore were not allowed to have many leisure activities. Joe, a steel mill employee who often performed in an R&B; band called "The Falcons" with his brother Luther, was a strict disciplinarian; many of the Jackson children recall being severely beaten by Joe for misbehaving. The children found an outlet in music, with elder brothers Jackie (born 1951), Tito (b. 1953), and Jermaine (b. 1954) borrowing their father's guitar without his permission and playing along to the radio. Younger brothers Marlon (b. 1957) and Michael (b. 1958) would be allowed to watch, as long as they did not tell. Joseph eventually discovered that the older three boys were playing his guitar when one of the strings broke [3]. Although he was furious at first, Joseph realized the boys had talent, and began making plans to create a musical act for them.

In 1962, Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine began performing around the Gary area with two neighborhood children, Milford Hite (on drums) and Reynaud Jones (on keyboards), in a group called The Jackson Brothers. Joe Jackson served as the manager, at first only part-time, and then eventually quitting his job at the steel mill. Jermaine sang lead and played bass, and Tito played guitar. In 1963, younger brothers Marlon and Michael, joined the group as its tambourine and bongo players. Already showing talent as a singer and dancer [4], Michael would replace Jermaine as lead vocalist by mid-1967, and Shirley Cartman, Tito's junior high orchestra teacher, noticed the group's talents and served as an early mentor for the group, now called The Jackson Five.

During this period, the boys toured Indiana extensively, and after winning a major local talent show in 1966 with a rendition of The Temptations' "My Girl", led by Michael, they began playing professional gigs in Chicago, Illinois and across the mid-eastern U.S. Many of these gigs were in a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "chitlin' circuit", and the young kids sometimes had to open for strip teasers and other adult acts in order to earn money. Shirley Cartman got the Jackson Five a record deal with Gordon Keith's local Steeltown label, and the group began making their first recordings in 1967. Their first single, "Big Boy", became a regional hit. During this period, Milford Hite and Reynaud Jones were replaced by Johnny Jackson (no relation) on drums and Ronnie Rancifer on keys.

The Jackson Five had a number of admirers in their early days, including Sam & Dave, who helped the group secure a spot in the famous Amateur Night competition at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem, New York. The group won the August 13, 1967 competition during the Amateur Night showdown at the Apollo, impressing Motown Records artist Gladys Knight of The Pips. Knight recommended the group to Motown chief Berry Gordy, but Gordy, who already had teenager Stevie Wonder on his roster, was hesitant to take on another child act because of the child labor laws and other problems involved.

Influences
The Jackson Five's sound was influenced by many of the biggest stars of the 1960s, especially including family funk bands Sly & the Family Stone and The Isley Brothers, soul pioneer Marvin Gaye, doo wop boy band Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, and soul shouters like Wilson Pickett, Jackie Wilson, Stevie Wonder and James Brown [5]. At the time of their early success, soul and funk stars, especially coming from Motown Records, were among the most popular musicians; Motown had launched the careers of dozens of the decade's biggest stars, most notably Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, and Diana Ross & the Supremes.

From these sources, The Jackson Five developed many of their vocal arrangement styles and dance movements. The group's multi-lead vocal style was inspired by that of The Family Stone, while young Michael adapted Jackie Wilson and James Brown's impassioned singing and dancing styles into his own.

Joining Motown
By 1968, the Jackson 5 were a headlining act for the All Star Floor Show at Chicago's The Guys' and Gals' Cocktail Lounge and Restaurant. From July 12 — 27, 1968, the Jackson 5 opened for Motown group Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers at Chicago's Regal Theater. Taylor was also very impressed with the boys, and he decided to make the commitment to bring them to Detroit and Motown. Joseph and the Jackson Five stayed on the floor of Bobby Taylor’s Detroit apartment the night of July 22, while Taylor and Motown executive Suzanne de Passe arranged for the Jackson Five to audition for the label.

On July 23, the Jackson 5 had their Motown audition, for which they performed James Brown’s current hit "I Got the Feelin’". Berry Gordy was not in attendance, but the audition was videotaped and sent to him in Los Angeles. Gordy's initial reluctance to sign the group disappeared when he finally saw the boys perform. Gordy decided to sign the Jackson Five to Motown, and hosted a party at his Detroit mansion on November 25, 1968 to introduce them to the Motown staff and stars.

Motown began negotiations to buy out the Jackson Five's Steeltown contract, completing the deal in March 1969. By the summer, Bobby Taylor began producing the group's first recordings at Motown's Hitsville U.S.A. recording studio in Detroit. The early Taylor-produced Jackson Five records were all covers of both contemporary hits and Motown-standards, including Sly & the Family Stone's "Stand!" and their famous rendition of The Miracles' "Who's Lovin' You", written by Smokey Robinson.

In mid-August 1969, Gordy moved the Jackson Five and Joseph to California, and he and Suzanne de Passe began the process of grooming them as the label's next big act, while the rest of the family remained in Gary. While looking for a house in California, Joseph, Jermaine, Tito, and Jackie lived with Berry Gordy, while Michael and Marlon lived with Gordy's girlfriend, Motown star Diana Ross.

The Jackson 5 in concert.

Jackson 5 discovery credit discrepancy In the meantime, Motown's marketing team began preparing press kits and other promotion material to begin the Jackson 5's entrance into the mainstream music industry. Motown publicity significantly altered the group's history, reducing Michael's age from eleven to eight to make him appear cuter, identifying unrelated band musicians Johnny Jackson and Ronnie Rancifer as cousins of the Jacksons, and crediting Diana Ross with discovering the group [6]. According to their official Motown biography, referenced in several early interviews and liner notes, Diana Ross (and, in some versions of the story, Berry Gordy alongside her) was introduced to the Jackson 5 by Gary, Indiana's mayor, Richard G. Hatcher, at a benefit concert that the Jackson 5 was described as having played for the mayor in 1969. Impressed, Ross (and Gordy) had the act signed to Motown and Ross personally acted as their mentor.

While Ross was active in the Jackson 5's early development, and housed Michael and Marlon for several months until Joseph Jackson found the family a home, there is no truth to the story involving her discovering the group at a benefit show for the mayor. The people who were more instrumental in the Jackson 5's early success, including Shirley Cartman, Sam & Dave, Gladys Knight, and Bobby Taylor, did not receive credit for their contributions until two decades later.

Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5
The cover to the Jackson 5's first LP, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, released on Motown Records in 1969.The Jackson 5 practiced and rehearsed continuously during the late summer and early fall of 1969. Diana Ross formally introduced the Jackson 5 to the public on August 11, 1969, at a Beverly Hills, California club called The Daisy. Towards the end of August, the Jackson Five made their first television appearance, singing The Isley Brothers' "It's Your Thing" at the Miss Black America Pageant in Madison Square Garden, New York City.

The Jackson 5's first single, "I Want You Back," was written and produced by a collective of Motown songwriters and producers, including Berry Gordy, Alphonzo Mizell, Deke Richards, and Freddie Perren, who were collectively known as The Corporation≥. "I Want You Back" was released as a single for The Jackson 5, as Motown decided to officially bill the group as, on October 7. The group performed "I Want You Back" and Sly & the Family Stone's "Sing a Simple Song" as part of their appearance on The Hollywood Palace as special guests of Diana Ross & the Supremes. "I Want You Back" was the only single from the Jackson 5's first album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, which was released in December, 1969.

Popularization and franchise expansion
Most of the early Jackson 5 singles were written and produced by The Corporation, who crafted for the Jackson 5 a combination of the "Motown Sound" and bubblegum pop that they termed "bubblegum soul". The Jackson 5 became an instant sensation, with "I Want You Back" and its 1970 follow-ups "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There" all going to #1 on both the Billboard Pop Singles chart and the Billboard Soul Singles (R&B;) chart. Other early Top 5 hits included "Mama's Pearl" and "Never Can Say Goodbye."

Now successful, Joseph was finally able to arrange to move Katherine and the rest of the family out to California in 1970. First moving into a two-story residence at 1616 Queens Road in Los Angeles (once home to Our Gang child actor Spanky McFarland[7]), the Jackson family moved to a gated mansion they called "Hayvenhurst", which was purchased by Joseph in March 1971.

"Jacksonmania" swept the nation, and within a year of their debut the Jackson 5 were among the biggest names in popular music. The group essentially replaced The Supremes as Motown's main marketing focus, and, capitalizing upon the youth-oriented appeal of the Jackson brothers, Motown licensed dozens of Jackson 5-related juvenile products, including stickers, sewable patches, posters, and coloring books. A new teen magazine aimed at African-American youth, Right On!, began publication in 1971, and focused heavily on the Jackson 5; at least one Jackson adorned the cover of every issue published between January 1972 and April 1974. Animation producers Rankin-Bass produced The Jackson 5ive, a Saturday morning cartoon that debuted on September 11, 1971 and ran for two seasons on ABC. The Jackson 5 starred in two of their own television specials, Goin' Back to Indiana (aired September 16, 1971) and The Jackson 5 Show (aired November 5, 1972).

A scene from Rankin-Bass's The Jackson 5ive Saturday morning cartoon.In 1971, Motown began a spin-off solo career for Michael, whose first single, "Got to Be There", was a Top 5 hit. Michael also sang the title track for the 1972 motion picture Ben. His other successful solo singles included "Rockin' Robin" and "I Wanna Be Where You Are" (both 1972). Jermaine started a solo career of his own in 1972, and had a Top Ten hit with his Shep and the Limelites cover "Daddy's Home." Jackie also recorded a solo album, but his releases failed to chart. Despite fan rumors that all three Jacksons might leave the group as they released solo work, the solo careers of Michael, Jermaine, and Jackie co-existed alongside that of the group as a whole, allowing Motown to expand the success and sales of Jackson 5-related releases.

Relationships and marriages
The Jackson 5 was also notable for its significant popularity with adolescent girls during the early 1970s. Thousands of young girls fell in love with the Jackson brothers, especially Jermaine and Michael. Michael Jackson's biographer, J. Randy Taraborrelli, has said that the elder brothers engaged in sexual relations with several of their female fans, sharing the girls with father Joseph, while younger brothers Michael and Marlon watched in the same room [8]. Michael himself, despite being the most popular member of the group, would remain shy about dating for most of his adolescence. Tito was the first Jackson brother to marry, wedding his high school girlfriend Dee Dee in June, 1972.

Against the wishes of his father, Jermaine began a relationship with Berry Gordy's daughter Hazel. Jermaine and Hazel Gordy's relationship was highly publicized in magazines such as Right On!, Ebony, and Jet, and the two were wed at a gala wedding ceremony held on December 15, 1973 at the Beverly Hills Hotel.

Decline
After 1972, the Jackson 5's releases were less immensely successful, but they still did very well. Later Top 20 hits, mostly written and produced by Hal Davis, included "Lookin' Through the Windows" (1972) and the disco-styled "Dancing Machine" (1974), which popularized the "Robot" dance routine. Jackson 5 albums declined somewhat in critical acclaim and financial success during the latter part of their Motown tenure, although LPs such as Lookin' Through the Windows (1972) and G.I.T.: Get It Together (1973) frequently included successful album tracks, including their version of "Hum Along and Dance", a popular number in their live act.

Critics, the Jackson 5, and Joseph Jackson agreed that the main reason for the group's declining success was Motown's refusal to update their image or allow them creative control. Although they played their own instruments on stage and had begun writing songs of their own, the Jacksons were disallowed from playing on their records and from recording their own material. Feeling that the Jackson 5 could be more of a success without Motown, which was by this time declining in success and popularity, Joseph began shopping for a new record deal for his sons.

The cover to the 1978 album Destiny.
The move to CBS Records
In 1975, Joseph negotiated a new recording contract with CBS Records, who offered a royalty rate of 20% per record, compared to Motown's standard 2.8%; and would allow the Jackson brothers to write and produce their own records and play their own instruments. After unsuccessfully attempting to talk the group into staying on the label, Motown sued for breach of contract. Although Motown eventually let the group go, the Jackson 5 were forced to change their name to The Jacksons, because Motown retained the "Jackson 5" trademark during the settlement of the lawsuit. The Jacksons were also forced to trade Jermaine for the youngest Jackson brother, 14-year-old Randy, since Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and the Gordys. Randy had been an unofficial member of The Jackson 5 since 1972, playing congas onstage as part of their live act.

At first part of CBS's Philadelphia International division, and later moving over to Epic Records, the Jacksons continued releasing popular singles such as "Enjoy Yourself" (produced by Philadelphia International's Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff) and "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (written by Michael and Randy and produced by the group).

After losing the Jacksons, Motown would not have another success of their caliber for the duration of Berry Gordy's ownership of the label. Gordy often said of the Jackson 5 that they were, coming after the label's most famous acts, "the last big stars to come rolling off [the Motown] assembly line"[9].

The 1980s and Michael's solo career
Without Motown's input, The Jacksons had in 1973 begun playing regular dates in Las Vegas, including Jackson siblings Randy, LaToya, Janet, and later Rebbie in the act. In summer 1976, CBS television executive Fred Silverman signed the Jackson family (including Michael, Marlon, Tito, Jackie, Randy, Rebbie, LaToya, and Janet) to appear in their own variety show, to compete with ABC's The Osmonds. The Jacksons debuted on June 16, 1976, and ran on CBS until its cancellation the following March. The show was the first variety show hosted by an African-American family.

In 1978, Michael starred alongside Diana Ross in the Motown/Universal Pictures motion picture The Wiz, an adaptation of the Broadway musical based upon L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Quincy Jones was the producer of the film's songs, and he and Michael began work on Michael’s first Epic solo album, Off the Wall, the next year. Off the Wall, released in 1979, sold seven million copies, featured four Top 10 hit singles and two #1 singles, causing some speculation about whether Michael would leave the Jacksons.

The cover to the 1984 album Victory.Michael continued to perform with his brothers, releasing the album Triumph in 1980, which featured the minor hit "Can You Feel It." Although Triumph was mildly successful, it was nothing compared to Michael's Off the Wall or its follow-up, Thriller, which went on to become the most successful album of all-new material ever. Around that same time, the boys released the gold-selling Live album and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

The Motown 25 television special, broadcast on NBC on May 16, 1983, featured a reunion performance between Jermaine and the other brothers, their first time together in nearly seven years. The Jackson 5 reunion was overshadowed, however, by Michael's landmark performance of "Billie Jean" on the same program, which introduced his trademark "moonwalk" dance.

The Jacksons released the album Victory in 1984, featuring the hit single "State of Shock" with guest star Mick Jagger, and supported the album with the massively successful Victory tour. The Victory album and tour marked the official return of Jermaine to the group's lineup, making them a sextet.

The brothers eventually drifted apart to take on solo projects, a period during which Michael became a pop superstar in his own right. The Jacksons reunited for one last album, 2300 Jackson Street in 1989. While every Jackson sibling except for LaToya appeared on the title track, a #9 R&B; hit single, most of the album featured Jermaine, Jackie, Tito, and Randy by themselves. Michael and Marlon had limited participation on this LP. A CD compilation of hits from the CBS/Epic years, The Essential Jacksons, was released in 2004, as was a separate compilation assembled by Universal/Hip-O, The Jacksons Story.

Post-history and followers
The only public reunion performance of the Jacksons after 1990 was at Michael's September 7, 2001 concert at Madison Square Garden, which was later broadcast as a television special on November 13 on CBS. Otherwise, each member of the group primarily focused on careers and interests of their own.

During the 1980s, Michael Jackson became the biggest supertstar in the world, and had released Thriller and Bad, two of the best-selling LPs of the century. His notable success eventually tapered off during the 1990s although still highly succesful in Europe, and in the 2000s, a period during which he became notorious for behavior that was considered eccentric and several allegations of child sexual abuse, two of which resulted in major criminal court cases. A 1993 case was settled out of court, while a second in 2005 ended with Michael being acquitted of all charges.

Following the dissolution of The Jacksons, Jermaine Jackson returned to his solo career. Marlon Jackson also began a solo career, but neither he nor Jermaine had any charting success. Eventually, Marlon then became a real estate broker and co-owner of Major Broadcasting Corporation.

Tito Jackson, like his father before him, organized his three sons into a musical group called 3T, which had a Top 5 UK hit, "Why", in 1997, which featured a guest appearance from Michael. Soon afterwards, Tito began a low-key career as a blues musician. Randy Jackson remained out of the spotlight, mostly assisting his brothers in various ventures and, like Tito and Jackie, becoming noted session musicians. Currently, Randy is the webmaster for Michael's official website, mjjsource.com.

The Jackson 5's influence on later performers has been profound, inspiring a number of performers from diverse fields, including indie rock band Dashboard Confessional [10], R&B; groups New Edition [11] and B5 [12], and boy band Hanson [13]. The Jackson 5 was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In addition, two of their songs ("ABC" and "I Want You Back") that are among the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

The Jackson 5 and Joseph Jackson admire the walls of the Apollo Theater in 1967, in this scene from The Jacksons: An American Dream.[edit] Miniseries Main Entry: The Jacksons: An American Dream.

In 1992, Suzanne de Passe and Jermaine Jackson worked with Motown to produce The Jacksons: An American Dream, a five-hour television miniseries broadcast based on the history of the Jacksons in two parts on ABC. The first installement of the miniseries covered the decades from Katherine and Joseph Jackson's first meeting in 1945 up until the first Jackson 5 releases on Motown in 1969, while the second part covered the years from 1970 to 1984, and the effects of the Jackson 5's phenomenal success on the family.

Among the actors featured in the miniseries were Angela Bassett as Katherine Jackson, Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as Joseph Jackson, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy, Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Bumper Robinson as teenage Jackie, Jason Weaver as pre-teenage Michael, and Terrence Dashon Howard as adult Jackie. The miniseries was the highest rated show of the week, won an Emmy Award and was nominated for three more, and won two Young Artist Awards. The Jacksons: An American Dream was later rebroadcast on VH-1 and released to VHS and DVD.

Rebbie Jackson (b. 1950)

LaToya Jackson (b. 1956)

Janet Jackson (b. 1966)

Personnel

Members
Jackie Jackson (1962√1990), vocals and tambourine The eldest brother, Jackie was a high tenor singer and, prior to a musical career, a baseball player. He had a solo career, releasing three albums, and eventually married Enid Jackson, also later having an affair with singer Paula Abdul.

Tito Jackson (1962√1990), vocals and lead guitar Another original member, baritone singer and guitarist Tito has enjoyed a solo career as a blues musician. Jermaine Jackson (1962√1975; 1984 — 1990), vocals and bass guitar A singer and bass player, Jermaine stayed with the group until the others switched from Motown to CBS Records. He stayed with Motown to pursue a solo career, achieving moderate success. Marlon Jackson (1963√1987), vocals and tambourine Joining the year after the band was formed along with Michael, Marlon was sometimes beaten for his failure to live up to his brother's dancing skills. He eventually eloped with a fan, Carol, and, due to friction with his brothers, did not perform on the group's last album. He released one solo LP. Marlon then became a real estate broker and co-owner of Major Broadcasting Corporation. Michael Jackson (1963√1987), vocals and drums During his tenure with the Jackson 5, Michael was clearly the most popular member. He was the only one of the brothers to have a consistent solo career, and became one of the most famous musicians in the world. Randy Jackson (1972√1990), vocals and bongos Randy unofficially began performing with the Jackson 5 in 1972, playing congas. He became an official member of the group in 1975, replacing Jermaine when the Jackson 5 moved to CBS Records and officially changed their name to "The Jacksons".

Band personnel
Milford Hite (1962√1967), drums The original drummer of the group, before he was replaced during the early years in Indiana. Reynaud Jones (1962√1967), lead guitar The original lead guitarist of the group, until Tito took to lead guitar. Johnny Jackson (1967√1975), drums Jackson was the group's on-stage drummer until the end of its Motown tenure. Ronnie Rancifer (1967√1975), keyboards Rancifer was the group's on-stage keyboardist from its inception until the end of its Motown tenure.

Discography
For a full listing of albums and singles, see Jackson 5 discography.

Top Ten US and UK singles
The following singles reached the Top Ten on the Billboard Hot 100 or the UK Singles Chart, or #1 on the Billboard R&B; singles chart:

The Jackson 5

(all Motown releases) Year Song title US Top 10 chart UK Top 10 chart R&B; #1

1969: "I Want You Back"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 1 2 1 1970: "ABC"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 1 8 1 1970: "The Love You Save"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 1 7 1 1970: "I'll Be There"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 1 4 1 1971: "Mama's Pearl" 2 — 1

1971: "Never Can Say Goodbye"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 2 — 1 1971: "Sugar Daddy" 10 — -

1972: "Lookin' Through the Windows" — 9 -

1972: "Doctor My Eyes" — 9 -

1974: "Dancing Machine"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 2 — 1 1974: "You Haven't Done Nothin'"

(Stevie Wonder with the Jackson 5 1 — 1

1988: "I Want You Back" [Remix] — 8 -

The Jacksons
(all CBS releases) Year Song title US Top 10 chart UK Top 10 chart R&B; #1

1976: "Enjoy Yourself" 6 — -

1977: "Show You the Way to Go" — 1 -

1978: "Blame It on the Boogie" — 8 -

1979: "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) 7 4 — 1981: "Can You Feel It"

Listen ▶ (helpЇinfo) — 6 — 1981: "Walk Right Now" — 7 -

1984: "State of Shock"

(with Mick Jagger) 3 — -

Albums

The Jackson 5

(all Motown releases) 1969: Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5

1970: ABC

1970: Third Album

1970: The Jackson 5 Christmas Album

1971: Maybe Tomorrow

1971: Goin' Back to Indiana

1972: Lookin' Through the Windows

1973: Skywriter

1973: The Jackson 5 in Japan (Japan only, issued in US by Motown in 2004)

1973: G.I.T.: Get It Together

1974: Dancing Machine

1975: Moving Violation

1976: Joyful Jukebox Music (compilation album of archived tracks)

1979: Boogie (compilation album of archived tracks)

The Jacksons

(all CBS releases) 1976: The Jacksons

1977: Goin' Places

1978: Destiny

1980: Triumph

1981: The Jacksons Live!

1984: Victory

1989: 2300 Jackson Street

Notes

^ Huey, Steve. "The Jackson 5". All Music Guide. Retrieved from http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql;=11:88q7g4jttv3z~T00 on August 20, 2005. ^ Transcript of interview with Jermaine Jackson. Larry King Live. November 30, 2003. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0311/30/lkl.00.html on August 20, 2005. ^ Rock of Ages, pg. 448 "Almost immediately [after adding Michael and Marlon,] it became clear that Michael was their main attraction." ^ Transcript of interview with Jermaine Jackson. Larry King Live. November 30, 2003. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0311/30/lkl.00.html on August 20, 2005. ^ (25 Aug 1970). "The Jackson Five". Look Magazine. Like all Motown-era Jackson 5 articles, Diana Ross is credited with having discovered the act with the help of Gary, Indiana's mayor Richard G. Hatcher, and Johnny Jackson and Ronnie Rancifer are identified as cousins of the Jackson brothers. ^ Maltin, Leonard & Bann, Richard W (1977, rev. 1992).

The Little Rascals: The Life & Times of Our Gang. New York: Crown Publishing/Three Rivers Press, p.262. ISBN 051-758325-9. Upon their first meeting at the 1984 Academy Awards, Michael Jackson and Spanky McFarland learned that they had both lived at 1616 Queens Ave. in Los Angeles upon their respective first moves to the area. ^ Green, Dave (producer/director). (29 Jan 2005). VH1 News Presents: Michael Jackson's Secret Childhood [television broadcast]. New York, NY: MTV Networks. (Transcript of Part One and Transcript of Part Two) ^ (1997) "The Jackson 5". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved from http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=125 on August 20, 2005. ^ http://www.dashboardconfessional.com/index.cfm/action/info. Dashboard Confessional member Mike Marsh lists The Jackson 5 as among his current favorite artists: "Anything 'Ray Charles,' Mars Volta, Willy Nelson, The Fire Theft, Led Zeppelin, Stevie Wonder and the Jackson 5." ^ Huey, Steve. "New Edition". All Music Guide. Retrieved from http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql;=11:9yez97q7kr5t~T00 on August 20, 2005.

Excerpt: "New Edition's early, Jackson 5-inspired material made them the forerunners of two generations of teen pop..." ^ Rashbaum, Alyssa & Paco, Matt. "MTV News — You Heard It First: B5". MTV.com. Retrieved from http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/b5/ on August 20, 2005. B5 (the "Breeding 5") was styled after the Jackson 5. Excerpt: "Since that fateful meeting, the Breeding brothers...have worked with sought-after producers including Rodney Jerkins, who produced their debut single, a cover of "All I Do" by the Jackson 5, a group with whom they are often compared." ^ Erlewine , Stephen Thomas. "Hanson". All Music Guide. Retrieved from http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql;=11:kxkniknjbb59~T00 on August 20, 2005. Excerpt: "Sounding like a re-vamped 'Jackson 5' for the '90s..."

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